https://manuals.pqstat.pl/ 2026-04-16T18:17:32+00:00 https://manuals.pqstat.pl/ https://manuals.pqstat.pl/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/favicon.ico text/html 2022-02-11T21:20:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:chikw The Chi-square tests These tests are based on data collected in the form of a contingency table of 2 traits, trait X and trait Y, the former having and the latter categories, so the resulting table has rows and columns. Therefore, we can speak of the text/html 2022-02-12T12:31:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:chikw2x2pl The Chi-square test for small tables These tests are based on the data gathered in the form of a contingency table of 2 features (, ), each of them has 2 possible categories and (look at the table (\ref{tab_kontyngencji_obser})). The test for text/html 2022-02-12T12:24:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:chikwcxrpl The Chi-square test for large tables These tests are based on the data gathered in the form of a contingency table of 2 features (, ). One of them has possible categories and the other one categories (look at the table (\ref{tab_kontyngencji_obser})). text/html 2022-02-12T12:49:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:fisher2x2pl The Chi-square test corrections for small tables These tests are based on data collected in the form of a contingency table of 2 features (, ), each of which has possible categories and (look at the table(\ref{tab_kontyngencji_obser})). The Chi-square test with the Yate's correction for continuity text/html 2022-02-12T12:37:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:fishercxrpl The Fisher's test for large tables The Fisher test for tables is also called the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test (Freeman G.H., Halton J.H. (1951)). This test is an extension on tables of the Fisher's exact test. It defines the exact probability of an occurrence specific distribution of numbers in the table (when we know text/html 2022-02-12T16:12:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:mcnemarrpl The McNemar test, the Bowker test of internal symmetry Basic assumptions: * measurement on a nominal scale - any order is not taken into account, * a dependent model. The McNemar test The McNemar test (NcNemar (1947)) is used to verify the hypothesis determining the agreement between the results of the measurements, which were done twice text/html 2022-12-03T17:03:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:mwpl The Mann-Whitney U test The Mann-Whitney test is also called as the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test (Mann and Whitney (1947) and Wilcoxon (1949)). This test is used to verify the hypothesis that there is no shift in the compared distributions, i.e., most often the insignificance of differences between medians of an analysed variable in 2 populations (but you should assume that the distributions of a variable are pretty similar to each other - comparison of rank variances can be performed with the text/html 2022-02-12T13:27:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:rr_orpl The Relative Risk and the Odds Ratio The risk and odds designation of occurence an analysed phenomenon, on the basis of exposure to the factor that can cause it, is estimated according to data collected in the contingency table . For example, we can look at how cigarette smoking affects disease: text/html 2022-02-12T13:17:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:trendpl The Chi-square test for trend The test for trend (also called the Cochran-Armitage trend test )is used to determine whether there is a trend in proportion for particular categories of an analysed variables (features). It is based on the data gathered in the text/html 2022-09-14T14:12:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:wilcoxon2pl The Wilcoxon test (matched-pairs) The Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, is also called as the Wilcoxon test for dependent groups (Wilcoxon 1945,1949). It is used if the measurement of an analysed variable you do twice, each time in different conditions. It is the extension for the two dependent samples of the text/html 2022-02-12T15:45:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:z_nzalrpl The Z test for 2 independent proportions The test for 2 independent proportions is used in the similar situations as the Chi-square test (2x2). It means, when there are 2 independent samples with the total size of and , with the 2 possible results to gain (one of the results is distinguished with the size of text/html 2022-02-12T15:53:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://manuals.pqstat.pl/en:statpqpl:porown2grpl:nparpl:z_zalrpl The Z Test for two dependent proportions Test for two dependent proportions is used in situations similar to the **McNemar's Test**, i.e. when we have 2 dependent groups of measurements ( i ), in which we can obtain 2 possible results of the studied feature ((+)(